ArticleNeuropsychology2026
Measurement differences in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol across ethnicity and language in the United States.
Article in Neuropsychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Recruitment Mode Selectivity and Interview Mode Measurement Effects in a Population-Based Assessment of Cognitive Performance.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) is a neuropsychological assessment for dementia that is used to derive national dementia prevalence estimates through a substudy of the Health and Retirement Study. We aimed to evaluate the degree of measurement invariance of the HCAP across Hispanic/Latino-a-e-x (H/L) and non-H/L white (NHW) older adults in the United Study.
methodWe combined HCAP data from two large cohort studies. We used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate measurement invariance across H/L adults assessed in English (
resultsWe observed measurement differences in the HCAP across H/L and NHW older adults for the memory, language, executive functioning, and orientation, but not visuospatial, domains. Effect sizes for measurement differences in HCAP items ranged from small to large. Not accounting for measurement differences led to meaningful underestimation of cognitive function ranging from 5% (language domain) to 82% (executive functioning domain) of H/L individuals assessed in English and 11% (memory domain) to 96% (executive functioning domain) of H/L individuals assessed in Spanish.
conclusionsThe interpretation of ethnic differences in cognitive function with the HCAP may be confounded with measurement differences. Measurement equivalence in cognitive assessment instruments across H/L and NHW populations cannot be assumed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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