Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41661499›Full record

ArticleSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society2026

Pharmacogenomics knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions among pharmacists in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analysis.

Saud Alqahtani, Taha Alqahtani, Krishnaraju Venkatesan, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Kousalya Prabahar, Premalatha Paulsamy, Rehab Ahmed, Nizar Sirag, Durgaramani Sivadasan, Hassabelrasoul Elfadil and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Saud AlqahtaniDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4587-0450
Taha AlqahtaniDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-8754
Krishnaraju VenkatesanDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-5907
Vigneshwaran EaswaranDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-4825
Kousalya PrabaharDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8224-4276
Premalatha PaulsamyCollege of Nursing, Mahalah Branch for Girls, King Khalid University, 62521, Abha, Saudi Arabia. pponnuthai@kku.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-480X
Rehab AhmedDivision of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-469X
Nizar SiragDepartment of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-6332
Durgaramani SivadasanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-8406
Hassabelrasoul ElfadilDivision of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-1294
Nouf M AlharthiDepartment of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Medical City, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-9068

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University RGP 2/411/46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As personalized medicine progresses in Saudi Arabia, pharmacists endure a central role in pharmacogenomics (PGx) implementation. This cross-sectional study weighed the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of pharmacists in the Asir region regarding PGx, a region with limited published data. A total of 209 pharmacists took part, the majority of whom were male (68.4%) and aged 18-39 years (96.2%). Results revealed that 71.3% of pharmacists displayed poor knowledge, whereas positive attitudes (90.9%) and perceptions (87.6%) were widely expressed. Significant associations developed between knowledge and attitude (p = 0.015) and between knowledge and perception (p = 0.036). A moderate correlation was also reflected between attitude and perception (p < 0.001, Cramér's V = 0.44). Logistic regression showed that pharmacists lacking previous PGx training (OR = 0.257, p < 0.001) or lacking experience with genetic conditions (OR = 0.389, p = 0.022) were significantly less likely to demonstrate good knowledge. Regardless of evident knowledge gaps, pharmacists showed a strong willingness to integrate PGx into clinical practice. These findings highlight an imperative need for structured PGx training programs, integration of PGx into pharmacy curricula, ongoing professional development workshops, and institutional strategies to support operative PGx adoption in healthcare settings across the Asir region and Saudi Arabia.

Indexed as

AttitudeKnowledgePerceptionPersonalised medicinePGxPharmacistsSaudi Arabia

Identifiers

PMID41661499
PMCPMC12886576

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.