Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41661138›Full record

ReviewFEMS microbiology reviews2026

Spatial structure: shaping the ecology and evolution of microbial communities.

Marcel Bäcker, Hilje M Doekes, Daniel R Garza, Jeroen Meijer, Simon van Vliet, Rosalind J Allen, Paulien Hogeweg, Bas E Dutilh, Bram van Dijk

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in FEMS microbiology reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Marcel BäckerInstitute of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 1, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2539-6243
Hilje M DoekesLaboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6360-5176
Daniel R GarzaUniversité Paris-Saclay, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), PRocédés biOtechnologiques au Service de l'Environnement, 92761 Antony, France.ORCID 0000-0003-3865-2146
Jeroen MeijerInstitute of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 1, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3258-2431
Simon van VlietBiozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2532-483X
Rosalind J AllenTheoretical Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Buchaer Straße 6, 07749 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4110-2962
Paulien HogewegTheoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University. Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3392-9839
Bas E DutilhInstitute of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 1, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2329-7890
Bram van DijkTheoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University. Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6330-6934

Funding

Alexander von Humboldt FoundationDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 2051-390713860European Research Council 865694Swiss National Science Foundation PZ00P3_202186
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most microbes grow in spatially structured communities, and this profoundly shapes their ecology and evolution. At the microscale, short interaction ranges and steep nutrient gradients underlie cross-feeding, quorum sensing, and niche construction, generating spatial patterns that influence microbial behavior, community assembly, and stability. Here, we review theoretical and experimental evidence for how spatial organization drives eco-evolutionary processes, including founder effects during colonization, allele surfing during range expansion, emergent patterns that facilitate multilevel selection, and the exploration of rare epistatic genotypes. While the ecological and evolutionary consequences of spatial structure at the microscale are becoming clearer, linking these processes across scales to predict community- and ecosystem-level outcomes remains a major challenge. Addressing spatial interactions explicitly in microbiome research will be key. Recent advances in computational modeling, cultivation approaches, and omics now offer unprecedented opportunities to meet this challenge, providing fresh insights into how spatial structure governs the organization and dynamics of the microbial world across scales.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionEcosystemMicrobiotaEcologybiofilmscommunity modelingeco-evolutionary dynamicsmicrobial ecologymicrobiomespatial structure

Identifiers

PMID41661138
PMCPMC12892361

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.