Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41660946›Full record

ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2026

Visual Function Loss Through Opacified Media: Comparison Between Single- and Two-Photon Vision.

Ava Niknahad, Agnieszka Zielinska, Hyeck-Soo Son, Katarzyna Komar, Sebastian Mackowski, Gerd U Auffarth, Grzegorz Labuz

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ava NiknahadThe David J. Apple Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Agnieszka ZielinskaThe David J. Apple Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Hyeck-Soo SonThe David J. Apple Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Katarzyna KomarInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
Sebastian MackowskiInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
Gerd U AuffarthThe David J. Apple Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Grzegorz LabuzThe David J. Apple Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to quantify the effect of monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) turbidity on visibility threshold and spatial pattern detection threshold with an infrared (IR)-two-photon (2P) approach, and visible light. Methods: Three observers were tested with pulsed IR (1045 nm) and visible lights (522.5 nm) using visibility threshold and spatial pattern detection threshold methods on two clear control IOLs and 11 explanted opacified IOLs, using our 2P microperimetry setup. IOL power and straylight were measured. Data from the clear IOLs served as control. Results: Control IOLs (20 D) had a mean straylight of 0.57 ± 0.05 logs and opacified IOLs (18.9-21.8 D) had a mean straylight of 2.16 ± 0.37 logs. Most threshold measurements differed significantly between clear and opacified IOLs. For IR, slopes of linear regression of straylight vs. visibility threshold and spatial pattern detection threshold ratios were similar (0.78 vs. 0.93 logs-1; P = 0.8531). For visible light, the visibility threshold ratio slope was lower than the spatial pattern detection threshold ratio (2.97 vs. 4.53 logs-1; P = 0.0008). IR measurements showed significantly less dependence on straylight than visible light for both visibility threshold and spatial pattern detection threshold (P < 0.00001). Conclusions: We found that 2P measurements yield lower variability and reduced straylight dependence compared with visible light with either the spatial pattern detection threshold or visibility threshold methods. Translational Relevance: Regardless of spatial pattern detection threshold or visibility threshold methods, two-photon microperimetry is less affected by increased opacity and may yield consistent threshold ratio results.

Indexed as

Lenses, IntraocularPhotonsVision DisordersVisual AcuityHumansInfrared RaysLightSensory Thresholds

Identifiers

PMID41660946
PMCPMC12898926

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.