ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2026
Integrative analysis of immune and microbial subtypes predicts immunotherapy response in stomach adenocarcinoma.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment and intratumoral microbiota play critical roles in cancer progression and immunotherapy response, yet their integrated functions in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) are not well understood. This study conducted a multi-omics analysis of transcriptomic and microbiome data from 348 patients with STAD. Using the ImmuCellAI algorithm, immune cell infiltration (ICI) was estimated, and non-negative matrix factorization classified samples into three immune subtypes (INC-1, INC-2, and INC-3). Differential expression analysis identified immune-related signature genes enriched in immune signaling pathways. Tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, immune checkpoint gene expression, and drug sensitivity were compared across subtypes. Microbiome clustering identified three subtypes (MC-1, MC-2, and MC-3), with associations to immune infiltration and microbial composition. The immune subtypes showed distinct patterns of ICI, clinical stage, and gene expression, with differentially expressed genes enriched in immune and tumor-related pathways. Microbiome subtypes exhibited unique diversity metrics and associations with the immune microenvironment. Integration of immune and microbial data improved immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) prediction, with genera like
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