Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41660838›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2026

Mouse models of tuberculosis uniformly featuring hypoxic necrotic lesions and poor response to chemotherapy.

Gaëlle Guiewi Makafe, Tim Low-Beer, Kelsey Travis, Laura Cole, Derek Bernacki, Debra Duso, Matthew Cole, Larry Kummer, Alan Roberts, Tricia Hart and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Gaëlle Guiewi MakafeTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Tim Low-BeerTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Kelsey TravisTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Laura ColeTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Derek BernackiTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Debra DusoTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Matthew ColeTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Larry KummerTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Alan RobertsTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Tricia HartTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Kathryn RoemerTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
William ReileyTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Mike TigheTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.
Brian WeinrickTrudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0880-4487

Funding

Development of a mouse model of tuberculosis that generates human-like pathologyR21AI159731 · NIAID · TRUDEAU INSTITUTE, INC. · PI WEINRICK, BRIAN · 2022 to 2023
$545k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI159731NIH HHS R21AI159731Trudeau Institute internal funds
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mouse models have been key to studies of tuberculosis pathogenesis and drug efficacy, but many, such as those employing BALB/c mice, fail to reproduce the full range of heterogenous microniches observed in well-structured human lesions, which feature hypoxic caseous cores of necrotic debris surrounded by infected foamy macrophages. The granuloma presents a variety of environments differing in levels of oxygen, ions, nutrients, and intra versus extracellular residence, which determine the physiological state of the infecting bacillus and its susceptibility to immune or drug control. Recently, alternative mouse strains such as C3HeB/FeJ have allowed the study of infection and treatment in the context of these varied environments but exhibit substantial inconsistency in the development of hypoxic necrotic lesions, both within and between individual mice. Building on the observation that inducible nitric oxide synthase (

Indexed as

Antitubercular AgentsDisease Models, AnimalHypoxiaMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisAnimalsGranulomaHumansLungMiceNecrosisNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIAntitubercular AgentsNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIaerosol infectiondrug efficacydrug tolerancegranulomahypoxiamousenecrosisNOS2tuberculosisvaccination

Identifiers

PMID41660838
PMCPMC12974119

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.