Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41660761›Full record

ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2026

Socioeconomic differences in dementia risk, lifestyle, and relevant determinants of behavior.

Angelica D'Sa, Rik Crutzen, Markus Bödenler, Ana Diaz, Sten Hanke, Hannes Hilberger, Charlotta Thunborg, Francesca Mangialasche, Jeroen Bruinsma

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Angelica D'SaDepartment of Health Promotion of the Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Rik CrutzenDepartment of Health Promotion of the Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Markus BödenlerInstitute of eHealth, University of Applied Science at FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria.
Ana DiazAlzheimer Europe, Senningerberg, Luxembourg.
Sten HankeInstitute of eHealth, University of Applied Science at FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria.
Hannes HilbergerInstitute of eHealth, University of Applied Science at FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria.
Charlotta ThunborgDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Francesca MangialascheDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jeroen BruinsmaDepartment of Health Promotion of the Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BackgroundA healthy lifestyle supports cognitive aging while reducing dementia risk. Multidomain interventions promote healthy behavior, but are often unsuccessful in reaching those with a low socio-economic position (SEP), who face additional challenges with changing behavior.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study explores differences between SEP-groups in dementia risk, lifestyle, and the socio-cognitive determinants of behavior.Methods3,341 Dutch adults (aged 40-79) were divided into low, medium, or high SEP groups. Using Chi-squared tests and ANOVA, SEP-related differences were explored for dementia risk, lifestyle behaviors, and health conditions. SEP-related differences in socio-cognitive determinants were examined using a modified version of Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance (CIBER).ResultsParticipants in the low SEP group had a significantly higher prevalence of all health conditions and engaged in more unhealthy behaviors, translating into a significantly higher dementia risk score. Many had misperceptions about the room for lifestyle improvement, but those in the low SEP group were slightly more aware of not adhering to lifestyle recommendations. Additionally, they perceived less self-confidence towards engaging in sports, considered healthy food as more expensive, perceived alcohol less pleasurable, experienced habits as less influential on alcohol intake, and had less confidence in their ability to quit smoking while pleasure and habits were strongly associated with smoking.ConclusionsAdults with a low SEP are at higher risk for dementia and have more potential for lifestyle-based risk reduction. Tailored, co-designed interventions that also consider the broader environment are needed to enhance perceived behavioral control, support behavior change, and reduce inequalities in dementia.

Indexed as

DementiaHealth BehaviorLife StyleAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLow Socioeconomic StatusMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsRisk FactorsSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthSocioeconomic FactorsAlzheimer’s diseasedementialifestylenon-pharmacological interventionspopulation-based studypreventionpsychosocial interventionspublic healthrisk factorssocioeconomics

Identifiers

PMID41660761
PMCPMC12960752

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.