ReviewMaterials today. Bio2026
A paradigm shift from penetration: Material-based solutions for multidimensional spatiotemporal, hypoxic, and optical challenges in cutaneous photodynamic therapy.
Review in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Photo-responsive nanozymes: from photocatalytic mechanisms to precision therapy.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite considerable advancements in pharmaceutical strategies (e.g., nanocarriers, physical enhancement) to overcome the skin barrier for topical photodynamic therapy (PDT), clinical translation remains impeded by unresolved challenges. While previous reviews have predominantly focused on enhancing photosensitizer permeation, this work shifts the paradigm to systematically address three critical yet under-reviewed barriers: insufficient spatiotemporal precision in photosensitizer delivery, hypoxia-induced therapeutic resistance, and inefficient photon utilization. This review critically evaluated the transformative evolution from conventional formulations toward "smart" therapeutic architectures, presenting a coherent framework of material-based solutions engineered to overcome these specific challenges: (1) depth-resolved, stimuli-responsive, and molecular-targeted release mechanisms; (2) transdermal oxygen self-replenishing systems (e.g., catalase-mimetic nanomaterials or perfluorocarbon-based reservoirs); and (3) synergistic optical components to enhance photon utilization, including tissue optical clearing agents, light-guiding channels, and multifunctional light-responsive platforms. These integrated strategies enable the dynamic synchronization of photosensitizer bioavailability with pathological microenvironmental demands, allowing precise modulation across spatial, temporal, and dosage dimensions. Furthermore, we incorporated an analysis of commercially available and clinically investigated photosensitizers, providing critical context for the current state and future trajectory of the field. By bridging interdisciplinary insights from materials science, drug delivery, and photobiology, this work outlines a transformative roadmap for next-generation, precision-based dermatological therapies, marking a clear departure from penetration-centric approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.