ReviewMolecular therapy. Oncology2026
The emerging role of aptamers in targeted cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Molecular therapy. Oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Synthetic short RNA in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system against malignancies; however, traditional antibody-based therapies are hampered by high production costs, immunogenicity, and off-target effects. Aptamers-short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules-have emerged as a promising alternative due to their high affinity and specificity, low immunogenicity, ease of chemical synthesis, and versatile structural modifications. These properties position aptamers as powerful tools for targeted drug delivery, immune modulation, and precision cancer therapy. This review highlights recent advances in aptamer-based cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their structural evolution, responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment, and roles in regulating the immune checkpoint. We highlight the development of monospecific, bispecific, and multispecific aptamers, emphasizing their applications in T cell activation, cytokine regulation, and tumor-targeted immune modulation. Additionally, we explore the role of aptamer-based chimeric systems in immunotherapy, including aptamer-small interfering RNA (siRNA) conjugates, aptamer-nanomaterial hybrids, aptamer-drug complexes, and aptamer-exosomes conjugates. Despite progress, challenges remain, such as the need for greater
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.