Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41659864›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Animal models of antiphospholipid syndrome.

Chunyao Ren, Hongbin Li, Tingting Ren

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Chunyao RenDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Hongbin LiDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Tingting RenDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder defined by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), thrombosis, and/or pathological pregnancy. Its phenotypic spectrum is heterogeneous and its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The incidence of APS increases year by year. Due to the constraints on human studies, animal models have become indispensable tools for dissecting the mechanisms of APS. The animal models accelerate the drug discovery and refine the therapeutic strategies in APS. Over the past decades, substantial methodological and translational advances have been achieved in APS animal models. In this review, we systematically summarize the current construction paradigms in thrombotic and obstetric APS animal models and highlight their respective advantages and limitations.

Indexed as

Antiphospholipid SyndromeDisease Models, AnimalAnimalsAntibodies, AntiphospholipidFemaleHumansPregnancyThrombosisAntibodies, Antiphospholipidanimal modelsantiphospholipid antibodiesantiphospholipid syndromepathological pregnancythrombosis

Identifiers

PMID41659864
PMCPMC12878658

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.