Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41659629›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Calcium-binding protein expression alone is insufficient to identify and classify GABAergic neurons in macaque cortex.

Alev M Brigande, Juliane Krueger, Connor Park, Anita A Disney

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alev M BrigandeDepartment of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710.ORCID 0000-0001-9695-501X
Juliane KruegerDepartment of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710.
Connor ParkDepartment of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710.
Anita A DisneyDepartment of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710.ORCID 0000-0003-3390-0681

Funding

Bi-directional, task-dependent control of thalamic input gain, in layer 4c of the primary visual cortex, by the cholinergic and serotonergic neuromodulatory systems.R01EY029663 · NEI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI DISNEY, ANITA A · 2019 to 2023
$2.1M
Cholinergic Mechanisms in Spatial AttentionR00MH093567 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI DISNEY, ANITA A · 2014 to 2016
$747k
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY029663NIMH NIH HHS R00 MH093567
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding neuron subclasses and their functional consequences can contribute to understanding brain circuits. A scheme long used to classify GABAergic neurons in the neocortex is based on expression of three calcium-binding proteins (CBPs): parvalbumin (PV), calbindin D-28K (CB), and calretinin (CR). Because CB and CR are frequently co-expressed by individual neurons in rodents, this scheme has been replaced by one based on PV and two signaling peptides: somatostatin (SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In macaques, however, CBPs are generally not co-expressed, and so their use has persisted despite suggestions that the underlying populations are not, in fact, entirely GABAergic. We set out to quantitatively evaluate CBPs as a classification scheme for GABAergic neurons in early and mid-level visual regions in macaque cortex. Combining immunohistochemistry and

Identifiers

PMID41659629
PMCPMC12873805

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.