PRISME: A MATLAB Toolbox For Large Data-Driven Multimodal Power Benchmarking.

Low statistical power in neuroimaging often undermines research in the field, leading to missed effects, wasted resources, and reduced reproducibility. Performing power analyses during the study design phase is extremely important, but often prohibitively difficult due to a lack of analytical solutions and high computational costs. We present PRISME (Power Resampling Infrastructure for Statistical Method Evaluation), a MATLAB toolbox for neuroimaging power benchmarking. PRISME provides a computational framework for empirical power analysis independent of inference methods, enabling large scale power benchmarking and method comparison. The toolbox supports diverse neuroimaging data types, including both voxel-based activation and functional connectivity analyses, with a non-parametric, flexible algorithm and unified data representations. Furthermore, unlike previous empirical power approaches, PRISME supports multiple test types, such as association and difference tests with behavioral and clinical measures. Finally, PRISME's 25× speedup from algorithmic optimizations enables larger-scale power benchmarking, including the first power analysis for the ABCD dataset. Overall, PRISME is the first method- and data-type-agnostic power benchmarking tool for neuroimaging, providing a single solution for power analysis across diverse study designs.