Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41659191›Full record

ArticleDigital discovery2026

Data augmentation in a triple transformer loop retrosynthesis model.

Yves Grandjean, David Kreutter, Jean-Louis Reymond

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Digital discovery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yves GrandjeanDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland jean-louis.reymond@unibe.ch.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1247-6898
David KreutterDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland jean-louis.reymond@unibe.ch.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-1049
Jean-Louis ReymondDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland jean-louis.reymond@unibe.ch.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-2942

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reactions in the US Patent Office (USPTO) are biased towards a few over-represented reaction types, which potentially limits their usefulness for computer-assisted synthesis planning (CASP). To obtain an equilibrated dataset, we applied retrosynthesis templates to USPTO molecules as products (P) to generate starting materials (SM). We then used transformer T2 from our recently reported triple transformer loop (TTL) retrosynthesis model to predict reagents (R) for the SM → P reaction. Finally, we validated the prediction by requesting a high confidence prediction (>95%) for the prediction of P from SM + R by TTL transformer T3. We generated up to 5000 reactions per template, resulting in 27.5m validated fictive reactions covering the chemical space of the original USPTO dataset. To exemplify the use of this dataset, we demonstrate that a single-step retrosynthesis transformer model trained on a template equilibrated subset of 1 097 374 fictive reactions outperforms the corresponding model trained on USPTO reactions only.

Identifiers

PMID41659191
PMCPMC12878001

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.