ArticleEuropean oral research2026
The relationship of facial vertical development with skeletal maturation and dental age.
Article in European oral research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between three different types of vertical facial development, chronological age, skeletal maturation, and dental maturation. Materials and methods: Lateral cephalometric, panoramic, and hand-wrist radiographs of 150 orthodontic patients (75 males and 75 females; mean ages 13.54 and 13.74 years, respectively) were analyzed. Skeletal maturation was determined using the Greulich-Pyle atlas method via hand and wrist bones. Dental maturation was assessed using the Demirjian Index on the left mandibular canines, first premolars, second premolars, and second molars. The SN-GoMe angle was evaluated on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Results: A statistically significant difference in median skeletal age between genders was found in the hyperdivergent group (p = 0.024), with females showing more advanced skeletal age than males. A significant positive correlation between chronological age and skeletal age was observed in both the hypodivergent (p < 0.001) and hyperdivergent (p < 0.001) groups. In the normodivergent group, a very strong correlation between chronological and skeletal age was also found (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant gender-based differences were noted in the development of the canine (p = 0.003) and first premolar (p = 0.048) teeth in the hyperdivergent group. Conclusion: Maturational stages may differ between males and females of the same chronological age attending orthodontic clinics, largely due to gender-based developmental differences. Chronological and skeletal ages are compatible; however, vertical facial parameters should also be considered in growth and development assessments.
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