ArticleBrain communications2026
Plasmaphosphorylated tau as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis diagnosis, subtyping, and prognosis.
Article in Brain communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers are crucial for individualized management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have shown promising clinical utility in MS, but they are insufficient to guide clinical management. Plasma tau proteins remain underexplored despite the growing evidence of shared pathology in Alzheimer's disease and MS. We aimed to: (i) assess the utility of plasma tau biomarkers [phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181), p-tau217 and total tau (t-tau)] in MS diagnosis, subtyping and prognosis; and (ii) compare their performance with NfL and GFAP. From a clinic-based prospective cohort, we evaluated 160 people with MS [pwMS; 117 with relapsing-remitting MS, 43 with progressive MS (PMS)] and 20 non-MS controls, all with baseline plasma samples. We measured baseline plasma concentrations of p-tau181, p-tau217, t-tau, NfL and GFAP using ultrasensitive immunoassays. We collected demographics, clinical information, and longitudinal multi-modal outcomes (Patient Determined Disease Steps, normalized age-related MS severity score, walking speed, manual dexterity, cognitive performance, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, total brain volume and grey matter volume) over a median follow-up of 3.0 years (interquartile range, 3.5). Adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates, we evaluated associations between biomarkers and MS diagnosis, subtypes, and prognosis. We examined the enhanced value of tau markers, in addition to NfL and GFAP, for subtype distinction and outcome prediction. Participants were enrolled between 2017 and 2023. Assays were performed in August 2023. Analyses were conducted in December 2024. Participants (
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