ArticleACS organic & inorganic Au2026
Aggregation Tendency, Cellular Uptake, and Viability Effects of Structurally Distinct Carbazole-Phthalocyanine Gold Nanoconjugates.
Article in ACS organic & inorganic Au, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Phthalocyanine-gold nanoparticle (Pc-AuNP) conjugates combine the unique properties of gold with the therapeutic potential of phthalocyanines, offering a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Here, two novel carbazole-containing Pcs, axially disubstituted Si-(IV) and peripherally tetra-substituted Zn-(II) derivatives, were synthesized and conjugated to gold nanoparticles of two core sizes (20 and 40 nm). Characterization was performed using TEM and SEM techniques. Stability assays in complete medium showed a stronger aggregation tendency for SiPc-AuNPs than for ZnPc-AuNPs. Bright-field microscopy revealed that Pc-AuNPs induced detachment of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells but not HUVEC endothelial cells, highlighting a cell type-dependent effect. Despite this detachment, no significant loss of viability occurred at 72 h, underscoring the resilience of A549 cells to membrane and cytoskeletal stress. Once internalized, both SiPc- and ZnPc-based nanoconjugates displayed similar cytoplasmic and perinuclear localization, suggesting uptake was dominated by the AuNP carrier. Preliminary MTT assays showed dye-particle interference, leading to use of the PrestoBlue assay, which avoids insoluble formazan artifacts. Viability analysis indicated that only
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