ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Enlarged, activated alveolar macrophages as quantitative surrogates of disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In pulmonary sarcoidosis, alveolar macrophages (AMs) undergo epithelioid transformation, but their quantitative morphologic characteristics and association with systemic disease markers remain incompletely defined. Research question: Do enlargement and activation features of AMs in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples correlate with systemic markers of sarcoidosis activity (ACE and sIL-2R)? Methods: BAL cells from 16 biopsy-confirmed sarcoidosis cases and 4 healthy controls were cytocentrifuged, Diff-Quik®-stained, and analyzed using a digital planimetric microscope. Cell area (CA) of 50 randomly selected AMs per subject (total = 1,000) was quantified and categorized as small, medium, large, or extra-large based on control mean ± SD cutoffs. Nonparametric tests and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to examine associations among CA, morphological features, serum ACE, and sIL-2R. Results: The mean CA was 31% greater in sarcoidosis than in controls (368.2 ± 169.3 μm Conclusion: AM enlargement and activation features are quantitative, reproducible surrogates of disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Clinical implications: Quantitative assessment of alveolar macrophage morphology may aid in assessment and monitoring of sarcoidosis activity and treatment response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.