ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Dinutuximab beta versus historical controls in the treatment of relapsed neuroblastoma: unadjusted and adjusted indirect comparisons.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative evidence on the independent contribution of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to anti-GD2 immunotherapy in neuroblastoma: a systematic review and gap analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Overall survival after relapse in high-risk neuroblastoma: an adjusted indirect comparison of post-relapse dinutuximab beta, historical controls, and relapse after first-line dinutuximab beta maintenance.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Dinutuximab beta (dB) immunotherapy is used as maintenance treatment for relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma (NBL); however, comparative studies directly comparing dB with no dB therapy in this setting are lacking. This study aimed to indirectly compare dB (with or without interleukin-2) with no immunotherapy in patients with relapsed NBL. Methods: Three studies of dB (APN311-202, APN311-304, and APN311-303) with individual patient data, along with two historical control cohorts (INBR and R1) were included. Both unadjusted (naïve) and population-adjusted comparisons of overall survival (OS) were performed, with adjustment conducted using inverse probability or odds weighting. Harmonized inclusion criteria were applied across all study populations. The adjusted comparison used the propensity score reweighting to balance the cohorts based on key baseline prognostic factors. Results: The base-case unadjusted indirect comparison revealed that dB (with or without IL-2) significantly prolonged OS compared to historical controls not treated with dB (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31- 0.79; p<0.001). Similarly, in the adjusted comparison, dB significantly prolonged OS compared to historical controls (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35; 0.79, p=0.002). All sensitivity unadjusted and adjusted comparisons supported the results of the base-case analysis. Conclusion: Dinutuximab beta significantly prolonged OS compared to historical control cohorts not treated with dB in both unadjusted and adjusted indirect comparisons.
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