ArticleTranslational andrology and urology2026
Shorter interval between consecutive testicular sperm aspirations and clinical pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Translational andrology and urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The impact of the interval between consecutive testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) procedures on pregnancy outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the interval between consecutive TESA procedures on clinical pregnancy outcomes of ICSI in patients with OA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 751 men with OA who underwent two consecutive TESA procedures at Reproduction Medical Center of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2015 and March 2023. The index outcome was clinical pregnancy in the ICSI cycle paired with the second (retrieval-day) TESA. Patients were divided into pregnancy and non-pregnancy groups. Group comparisons included TESA interval, patient age, hormone levels, and embryology outcomes. Results: A total of 751 patients with OA were included, with an overall pregnancy rate of 51.7% (388/751). The short-interval group showed a higher pregnancy rate in one contrast (≤3 Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort of men with OA undergoing ICSI, repeating TESA within 3 months did not compromise clinical pregnancy outcomes. Overall differences across interval definitions were small and inconsistent, supporting the practicality of proceeding to an ICSI cycle shortly after an outpatient TESA when clinically appropriate. Prospective studies are warranted.
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