Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41658352›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2026

Engineered VP1 mRNA Vaccine Induces Immunity and Complete Protection Against Feline Calicivirus in Cats.

Meng-Di Zhang, Zhuo-Fang Xie, Xin-Hong Li, Wei Huang, Qian-Yu Qian, Hong-Tao Cao, Ji-Wei Liu, Ya-Qing Zhang, Bin Wang, Yu Qin and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Meng-Di ZhangGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China, scau.edu.cn.
Zhuo-Fang XieGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China, scau.edu.cn.
Xin-Hong LiGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China, scau.edu.cn.
Wei HuangGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China, scau.edu.cn.
Qian-Yu QianCollege of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China, zcmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-2582
Hong-Tao CaoGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China, scau.edu.cn.
Ji-Wei LiuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China, zju.edu.cn.
Ya-Qing ZhangDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China, zju.edu.cn.
Bin WangGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China, scau.edu.cn.
Yu QinDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China, zju.edu.cn.
Fu-Shan ShiDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China, zju.edu.cn.
Jian-Bin TangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China, zju.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-5705
Yao-Wei HuangGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China, scau.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-8411
Yong-Le YangXianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, Zhejiang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-8019

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a major pathogen of upper respiratory tract diseases in cats, posing a significant threat to feline health. While current FCV preventive measures rely primarily on traditional vaccines, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as a promising alternative, offering high efficacy, safety, rapid clinical development, and potential for fast, cost-efficient production. In this study, we designed a modified nucleotide sequence with a 124-amino acid deletion at a position in the region of the FCV-VP1 protein as an immunogen. The plasmid encoding the codon-optimized VP1 sequence was constructed, and VP1-mRNA was generated by in vitro transcription (IVT) and capping. After transfection into BHK-21 cells, immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and WB confirmed successful FCV-VP1 expression. Subsequently, the mRNA was encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to prepare the LNP-VP1-mRNA vaccine. Characterization analysis revealed a uniform particle size distribution (polydispersity index [PDI] = 0.169) and a stable surface charge (zeta potential = -1.67 mV). A prime-boost immunization strategy was employed, which involved two intramuscular injections to immunize BALB/c mice or cats with the LNP-VP1-mRNA vaccine. ELISA analysis demonstrated that the vaccine elicited elevated levels of anti-FCV IgG and neutralizing antibodies in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by the secretion of cytokines including IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-6. Importantly, the VP1 mRNA vaccine provided complete protection against FCV challenge in cats, without the typical clinical signs and with a 100% survival rate. Our results indicate that the LNP-VP1-mRNA vaccine is a promising candidate for combating FCV infection.

Indexed as

Caliciviridae InfectionsCalicivirus, FelineCat DiseasesViral VaccinesAnimalsAntibodies, ViralCatsFemaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerVaccines, SyntheticAntibodies, ViralmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerVaccines, SyntheticViral Vaccinesfeline calicivirusimmune responsemRNA vaccineVP1 antigen

Identifiers

PMID41658352
PMCPMC12880955

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.