Unlocking Synergistic Biogas Potential: Pig Manure and Khat Waste Cosubstrates.

Sewagegn Menberu Tegegne, Anand Babu Desamala, Talbachew Tadesse Nadew, Kedir Derbie Mekonnen, Firomsa Teshale Tolera

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Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sewagegn Menberu TegegneDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering,, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, Kombolcha 208, Ethiopia.

Anand Babu DesamalaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering,, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, Kombolcha 208, Ethiopia.

Talbachew Tadesse NadewDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering,, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, Kombolcha 208, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-6993

Kedir Derbie MekonnenDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering,, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, Kombolcha 208, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-9324

Firomsa Teshale ToleraDepartment of Environmental Pollution and Climate Change, Environment and Climate Change Policy Study and Research Center, Ethiopia Policy Study Institute, Addis Ababa 2479, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Energy scarcity is now a global issue that motivates researchers to explore other energy sources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible uses of pig manure (PM) and khat waste (KW) substrate blends for biogas production. The two substrates, namely, PM and KW, initially were treated separately, followed by mixing for anaerobic digestion. In this process, the contribution of mixing ratio (75:25, 50:50, 25:75), temperature (25-45 °C), and hydraulic retention times (30-50 days) on the yield of biogas volume and methane percentage was studied through a central composite design (CCD) experimental design methodology. Consequently, the highest biogas volume of 1831.2 mL and methane percentage of 61.4 wt % were observed at a mixing ratio of 50:50 (PM/KW, %), 45 °C temperature, and hydraulic retention time of 40 days. In summary, the research indicates that utilizing pig manure in combination with khat waste for the production of biogas may be a possible alternative energy source that can address existing global energy challenges.

Identifiers

PMID41658198

DOI10.1021/acsomega.5c08963

PMCPMC12878364

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.