Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41657956›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in digital health2025

Acceptability and use determinants of digital health technologies for HIV services: a qualitative study of emergency care patients in Nairobi, Kenya.

Joshua Smith-Sreen, Benson Timothy, Beatrice Ngila, John Wamutitu Maina, Sankei Pirirei, John Kinuthia, David Bukusi, Harriet Waweru, Rose Bosire, Carey Farquhar and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in digital health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Joshua Smith-SreenWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Benson TimothyKenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Beatrice NgilaKenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
John Wamutitu MainaDepartment of Research & Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Sankei PirireiDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
John KinuthiaCenter for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
David BukusiDepartment of Research & Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Harriet WaweruDepartment of Research & Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Rose BosireDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Carey FarquharDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Michael J MelloDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Adam R AluisioDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.

Funding

Emerging Infectious Disease Scholars at Brown UniversityR25AI140490 · NIAID · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI Silvia Shinpei Chiang · 2018 to 2026
$3.0M
NIAID NIH HHS R25 AI140490
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Digital health technologies (DHTs) represent a promising strategy to improve access to HTS (HIV testing services), particularly among underserved higher-risk populations often missed by current programming, including young adults under 25 years. In 2017, Kenya's Ministry of Health introduced BeSure™, a DHT providing information on HIV, self-testing, and facility geo-location. Given increased risks for HIV among injured populations, this study assessed the acceptability of BeSure™ as a DHT for enhancing HTS in a Kenyan emergency department. Using purposive sampling, participants were provided a brief description of the tool BeSure™ and then completed in-depth interviews using a semistructured guide between August and November 2023. Deductive and inductive analyses were applied using a codebook based on a published framework for healthcare intervention acceptability, examining core themes of affect, burden, ethicality, coherence, opportunity cost, and perceived effectiveness. Among 24 participants, the median age was 25, half were female, and 58% had achieved secondary education or below. Few participants (21%) were aware of BeSure™ prior to data collection. Barriers to awareness included limited marketing of the tool and apathy toward health-related matters. However, strategic advertisement within healthcare encounters and through social media platforms including TikTok and Facebook (especially for young adult participants) could facilitate awareness. Barriers to potential use include low access to technology in rural communities, persisting stigma toward HIV, and low perceived HIV risk (especially among older participants). Despite these barriers, participants across age groups found the tool widely acceptable across the predetermined domains. These qualitative data highlight the acceptability of DHTs for HTS enhancement among injured populations in Nairobi, Kenya. Findings underscore the limited awareness of BeSure™ among this higher-risk population, suggesting that targeted advertisement, demand creation, and stigma reduction strategies are critical to successful implementation of these technologies.

Indexed as

Africadigital healthemergency medicineHIV testing servicesKenya

Identifiers

PMID41657956
PMCPMC12876169

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.