Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41657362›Full record

ReviewClinical and translational radiation oncology2026

Evaluating the efficacy and immunological impact of combined ICIs and SBRT in HCC: A narrative literature review.

Lara Caglayan, Oliver Blanck, Judit Boda-Heggemann, Thomas Brunner, Cas Stefaan Dejonckheere, Dan G Duda, Elke Firat, Maria Hawkins, Julian Philipp Layer, Christina Leitzen and 10 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical and translational radiation oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Lara CaglayanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Oliver BlanckDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 50, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Judit Boda-HeggemannDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
Thomas BrunnerDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria.
Cas Stefaan DejonckheereDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Dan G DudaE. L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Elke FiratDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Maria HawkinsGray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
Julian Philipp LayerDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Christina LeitzenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Alejandra Mendez RomeroDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC - Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Gabriele NiedermannDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Younèss NourDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Falk RöderDepartment of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Landeskrankenhaus, Müllner Hautpstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Gustavo Renato SarriaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Davide ScafaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Marta ScorsettiRadiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
Shari WiegreffeE. L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Anca-L GrosuGray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
Eleni GkikaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the leading contributors to cancer-related deaths, with the majority of patients diagnosed at stages where curative treatment is no longer possible. Combining stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has gained increasing attention as a therapeutic approach. Beyond its ability to provide high local tumor control (LC), SBRT can provoke immunogenic tumor cell death, promote antigen release and presentation, and modulate the tumor microenvironment in ways that enhance systemic antitumor immunity. In this narrative review, we outline the scientific rationale for integrating SBRT with ICIs, discuss mechanistic and translational findings and summarize results from key clinical trials. The currently available data indicate a synergistic interaction, most notably reflected in improved survival and response rates. Nevertheless, variability in dose and fractionation schedules, treatment sequencing, and patient characteristics complicates interpretation. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to establish optimal protocols and identify predictive biomarkers to guide patient selection.

Indexed as

HCCImmunotherapyRadiationSBRT

Identifiers

PMID41657362
PMCPMC12882063

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.