Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41657268›Full record

ArticleMolecular ecology2026

Patterns of Interploidy Admixture in Polyploid Complexes: Insights From Thymus Sect. Mastichina (Lamiaceae).

Francisco José García-Cárdenas, María Ángeles Ortiz, José Carlos Del Valle, David Doblas-Pruvost, Manuel de la Estrella, Diego Nieto-Lugilde, Lisa Pokorny, Regina Berjano

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular ecology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Francisco José García-CárdenasDepartamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-9552
María Ángeles OrtizDepartamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-8002
José Carlos Del ValleDepartamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-6208
David Doblas-PruvostDepartamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0228-0439
Manuel de la EstrellaDepartamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4484-3566
Diego Nieto-LugildeDepartamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-2881
Lisa PokornyReal Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Regina BerjanoDepartamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-7951

Funding

Agencia Estatal de Investigación ICTS-RBD-CSICAgencia Estatal de Investigación RYC2021-034942-IAgencia Estatal de Investigación TED2021-130133B-I00Universidad de Sevilla IVPPIT
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding gene flow between ploidy levels in polyploid complexes is essential for species delimitation and conservation. This study explores evolutionary dynamics in the polyploid complex Thymus sect. Mastichina (Lamiaceae), comprising three taxa: T. mastichina subsp. mastichina, T. mastichina subsp. donyanae, and the endangered T. albicans. Using Hyb-Seq data, phylogenomics (nuclear orthologs), and population genomics (SNPs), we confirm the section consists of two sister groups with distinct ploidy levels: a diploid and a tetraploid one. The tetraploid group shows low genetic differentiation among its populations, probably indicating rapid expansion across diverse environments. In contrast, the diploid group exhibits more complex genetic structuring, potentially shaped by geomorphology, interploidy introgression, and incipient isolation. Four diploid subgroups (Algarve, Cádiz, Doñana, and Hercynian) are identified, with reticulate evolution. The dense reticulation observed is compatible with incomplete lineage sorting in diploid lineages due to recent and rapid divergence events. Phylogeographic analyses suggest isolation-by-distance, with two major riverbeds maybe playing a role in shaping genetic differentiation, while interploidy gene flow detected could have facilitated ancient and/or ongoing admixture between diploid and tetraploid lineages, despite geographic isolation. These findings highlight cryptic genetic diversity and emphasise the need for an integrative taxonomy that includes multiple lines of evidence: morphological, cytological, genomic, and ecological. Conservation efforts should prioritise protecting the four diploid subgroups, aided by flow cytometry, since they may harbour critical adaptive potential to both specific habitat types and/or environmental conditions. This work contributes to advancing our knowledge of evolution in polyploid complexes by combining genomic approaches and highlighting cryptic diversity in Thymus species. Future research should investigate morphometric and chemical data, hybridisation events, divergence times, diversification dynamics, and relationships with other Thymus species to further understand polyploid evolution and its impact on biodiversity.

Indexed as

Genetics, PopulationLamiaceaePolyploidyDiploidyDNA, PlantGene FlowGenetic VariationPhylogenyPhylogeographyPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSequence Analysis, DNADNA, Plantangiosperms353Hyb‐Seqinterploidy admixturephylogenomicspolyploid bridgespopulation genomics

Identifiers

PMID41657268
PMCPMC12884452

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.