ArticleBJPsych open2026
Moderating effect of avoidance on the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation across different types of trauma exposure.
Article in BJPsych open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSuicidal ideation following trauma exposure is frequently associated with depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; however, the interactive effects of depression and distinct PTSD symptom clusters on suicidal ideation remain poorly understood.
aimsTo examine whether specific PTSD symptom clusters - namely intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal - moderate the association between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, and whether these effects vary across different trauma types.
methodMedical records of 127 psychiatric out-patients with a history of at least one traumatic event were analysed. All participants had completed the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the suicidal ideation item of the Beck Depression Inventory II. Trauma types were categorised into early versus late, single versus multiple, and interpersonal versus non-interpersonal.
resultsHierarchical regression analyses identified a significant moderating effect of avoidance symptoms on the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation (
conclusionsThese findings underscore the relevance of targeting avoidance symptoms to mitigate suicidal ideation, particularly in individuals with late-onset, single-incident or non-interpersonal trauma exposure. Exposure-based therapeutic interventions may offer particular benefit for reducing suicidal ideation among trauma-exposed individuals with depressive symptoms.
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