Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41657224›Full record

ArticleBJPsych open2026

Trends in mental health referrals before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective population-based service evaluation in a single NHS trust.

Zahir Zubair Shah, Shanquan Chen, Tamsin J Ford, Catherine M Walsh, Jonathon Artingstall, Benjamin R Underwood

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BJPsych open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zahir Zubair ShahSchool of Clinical Medicine, https://ror.org/013meh722University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3875-2695
Shanquan ChenSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Tamsin J FordDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-4904
Catherine M WalshCambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Jonathon ArtingstallCambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Benjamin R UnderwoodDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-9487

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was the biggest global health emergency in the past century. The impact of the pandemic on society, and demand for health services, especially mental health services is not fully understood.

aimsWe describe the change in activity in a single UK NHS mental health trust during and following the pandemic.

methodWe conducted a retrospective service evaluation using a population-based referral rates and clinical activity for mental health disorders in Cambridgeshire over the period 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. We divided the time period into pre-pandemic period, during the pandemic, and post-pandemic months. A negative binomial regression model was fitted to the monthly rates to yield incidence rate ratios. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, gender, ethnicity, and level of deprivation.

resultsThere was a steep decline in both referrals and clinical contacts during the lockdowns with a subsequent and steep increase in these measures during the immediate post-pandemic period. Increased numbers of referrals and contacts have been sustained well into the post-pandemic period.

conclusionsIn a single county-wide mental health service in the UK, the prolonged and sustained increase in both referrals and activity post-pandemic was not matched by equal increase in resource to meet demand. Our findings may be useful to effectively plan mental health services before, during and after any future pandemics.

Indexed as

child and adolescent psychiatryCOVID-19general adult psychiatryMental health servicesold age psychiatry

Identifiers

PMID41657224
PMCPMC12926882

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.