ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2026
Prevalence and Patterns of Cranial Nerve Involvement in CIDP, Autoimmune Nodopathy, MMN, and Anti-MAG Neuropathy: A Multicenter Korea/UK Study of 582 Patients.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Isolated trigeminal neuropathy as an initial manifestation of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Subclinical Facial Nerve Enlargement in a Case of Chronic Demyelinating Peripheral Neuropathy.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Patterns of Cranial Nerve Involvement in CIDP, Autoimmune Nodopathy, MMN, and Anti-MAG Neuropathy: A Multicenter Korea/UK Study of 582 Patients.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundCranial nerve involvement is a well-recognized feature in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) but remains less well understood in chronic forms of autoimmune neuropathies. Earlier studies of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) were conducted before updated diagnostic criteria and the recognition of autoimmune nodopathy (AN), which may limit the interpretation of their findings.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 582 patients with chronic autoimmune neuropathies-CIDP (n = 431), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) (n = 64), anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy (n = 54), and AN (n = 33)-from 4 Korean and 1 UK centers. Patients with cranial nerve involvement were identified and described. CIDP patients with cranial nerve involvement (cranial+ CIDP) were compared with those without (cranial- CIDP).
resultsCranial nerve involvement was observed in 8.8% (38/431) of CIDP and 24.2% (8/33) of AN patients but was absent in MMN (0/64) and anti-MAG neuropathy (0/54). Facial palsy was overall the most common manifestation (CIDP: 45%, AN: 50%). Patients with AN more frequently exhibited bilateral optic neuropathy (50%) and facial diplegia (38%), while CIDP patients more often showed trigeminal neuropathy and oculomotor nerve palsy (both 32%). Compared with cranial- CIDP, cranial+ CIDP patients were more often younger, of variant subtypes (especially multifocal), presented (sub)acutely with preceding infection/vaccination, followed by relapsing-remitting rather than progressive courses, and achieved greater improvement despite greater pre-treatment disability.
conclusionsCranial nerve involvement serves as a diagnostic clue in chronic autoimmune neuropathies, particularly in identifying AN and CIDP. Cranial+ CIDP appears to represent a distinct subset with partial overlap to GBS, suggesting unique underlying mechanisms.
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