Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41656578›Full record

ArticleMolecular oncology2026

TRAIL-PEG-Apt-PLGA nanosystem as an aptamer-targeted drug delivery system potential for triple-negative breast cancer therapy using in vivo mouse model.

Gulen Melike Demirbolat, Aslihan Kucuk, Omer Erdogan, Samed Ozer, Bensu Kozan, Tugba Cuceli, Erkan Gumus, Evrim Cevik, Ozge Cevik

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gulen Melike DemirbolatDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Aslihan KucukDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey.
Omer ErdoganDepartment of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Turkey.
Samed OzerAnimal Application and Research Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Bensu KozanDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey.
Tugba CuceliDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey.
Erkan GumusDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey.
Evrim CevikDepartment of Machine and Metal Technologies, Kocarli Vocational School, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey.
Ozge CevikDepartment of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0002-9325-3757

Funding

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi ADU-TPF-22033Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi ADU-TPF-23045Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi TUBA-GEBIPTürkiye Sağlık Enstitüleri Başkanlığı TUSEB-4381
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Targeted drug therapy is very important for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and the development of carrier systems to deliver apoptosis-inducing proteins such as TRAIL to cells is important in cancer therapy. In this study, a nanosystem formulation (TRAIL-PEG-Apt-PLGA) encapsulating TNBC-targeted aptamer-bound-TRAIL protein was performed and the efficacy of this system was evaluated in a mouse tumor model. The characterization of TRAIL-PEG-Apt-PLGA was confirmed by FTIR, NTA and SEM microscopy. The efficacy of TRAIL-PEG-Apt-PLGA was evaluated by in vitro release assays and interactions with TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231) and healthy breast cells (MCF-10A). TRAIL-PEG-Apt-PLGA was administered intravenously to NOD/SCID gamma mouse breast tumors and evaluated in vivo. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability testing, histological staining (DR4/DR5, TUNEL, HE staining) and molecular alterations with PCR array were evaluated in tumor tissues. TRAIL-PEG-Apt-PLGA induced apoptosis in both in vivo and in vitro studies. It was found that it regulated cellular responses along with apoptotic mechanisms in cells without developing resistance in suppressing tumor growth by making changes on Atf2, Casp8, Bcl2 and Irf5 genes and proteins. As a result, the biotechnological drug potential of TRAIL was discovered in an aptamer-bound nanosystem for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and innovative applications for clinical use.

Indexed as

Aptamers, NucleotideDrug Delivery SystemsNanoparticlesPolyestersPolyethylene GlycolsTNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing LigandTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsAnimalsApoptosisCell Line, TumorDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansMDA-MB-231 CellsMiceMice, Inbred NODAptamers, NucleotidePolyestersPolyethylene GlycolsTNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligandaptamersbreast cancerPLGA copolymerstargeted therapyTRAIL

Identifiers

PMID41656578
PMCPMC13352959

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.