Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41656393›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2026

Decellularized bone matrix-enriched 3D-printed GelMA scaffold as a cell-homing platform: analysis using an artificial pulp chamber model.

Isabela Sanches Pompeo da Silva, Vitor de Toledo Stuani, Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini, Fernanda Balestrero Cassiano, Erika Soares Bronze-Uhle, Priscila Toninatto Alves de Toledo, Lídia de Oliveira Fernandes, Josimeri Hebling, Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa, Diana Gabriela Soares

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Isabela Sanches Pompeo da SilvaDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Doutor Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-2671
Vitor de Toledo StuaniDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Doutor Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-7614
Ester Alves Ferreira BordiniDepartment of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-5794
Fernanda Balestrero CassianoDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Doutor Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-876X
Erika Soares Bronze-UhleDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Doutor Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-9421
Priscila Toninatto Alves de ToledoDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Doutor Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-8895
Lídia de Oliveira FernandesDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Street Humaitá, 1680 - Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-385, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9174-642X
Josimeri HeblingDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Street Humaitá, 1680 - Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-385, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-2325
Carlos Alberto de Souza CostaDepartment of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-6867
Diana Gabriela SoaresDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Doutor Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, Brazil. dianasoares@fob.usp.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-6104

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe aim of the study was to develop and evaluate bio-printed hydrogels based on gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) combined with different proportions of decellularized bovine bone matrix microparticles (BMdc).

methodsGelMA hydrogels were synthesized and incorporated with decellularized bovine bone matrix (BMdc) at 1% by weight. 3D scaffolds were fabricated through extrusion, with varying infill densities (40%, 50%, and 60%), followed by photoactivation. Biological analyses included cell viability (Live/Dead assay), and proliferation (Alamar Blue assay), as well as osteogenic differentiation (ALP activity and Alizarin Red staining) over a 21-day period in HDPCs. Porosity and pore size were assessed with Rhodamine B staining, and cell migration to scaffolds was evaluated in a biomimetic artificial pulp chamber model. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).

resultsScaffolds with the highest porosity and the largest pore size in comparison with other groups was detected in the 40% infill group (p < 0.05). Cells in the 50% and 60% infill groups exhibited higher viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, especially when BMdc particles were incorporated (p < 0.05). The greatest cell migration at the artificial pulp chamber model was observed in the 60% infill group in association with BMdc particles (p < 0.05).

conclusionsIn summary, 3D-printed GelMA-BMdc hydrogel with 60% infill is a cytocompatible biomaterial capable of inducing cell adhesion, odontogenic differentiation, and mineralization. This innovative biomaterial shows potential for future direct pulp capping applications.

Indexed as

Bone MatrixDecellularized Extracellular MatrixDental PulpGelatinHydrogelsMethacrylatesPrinting, Three-DimensionalTissue ScaffoldsAnimalsCattleCell DifferentiationCell MovementCell ProliferationCell SurvivalHumansOsteogenesisDecellularized Extracellular MatrixGelatinHydrogelsMethacrylatesDecellularized extracellular matrixDentinGelatinHydrogelsTissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID41656393
PMCPMC12883528

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.