SynthesisClinical oral investigations2026
Immunomodulatory and angiogenic strategies in vital pulp therapy: a systematic review of scaffold-based, scaffold-free, and cell-laden interventions.
Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- An innate defense regulator peptide modulates the inflamed pulp microenvironment and promotes pulp repair.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesVital pulp therapy (VPT) is shifting from traditional materials toward regenerative strategies that modulate inflammation and stimulate angiogenesis. This review evaluates scaffold-based, scaffold-free, and cell-laden approaches targeting immunomodulatory and angiogenic responses in dental pulp regeneration. MATERIALS AND
methodssystematic search up to April 2025 in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus identified in vivo studies assessing VPT outcomes. Included interventions were direct pulp capping or pulpotomy using bioactive scaffolds, biomolecules, or stem cell-laden matrices. Outcomes included histologic or molecular markers of immunomodulation and angiogenesis. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool.
resultsTwenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Scaffold-based delivery of Resolvin E1/lipoxin A4, Nell-1, and Nell-1/BMP-2 suppressed key inflammatory mediators and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Angiogenesis was enhanced by cell-laden scaffolds containing dental pulp stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, or endothelial cells, leading to consistent pulp-like tissue regeneration. However, most studies had short follow-ups, high or unclear bias risk, and methodological heterogeneity, precluding meta-analysis. Interpretation of these findings should be undertaken with caution due to substantial heterogeneity in study design, outcome assessment methods, and evaluation time points.
conclusionsBiomolecule-loaded and stem cell-laden scaffolds show preliminary promise in modulating inflammation and promoting vascularization in animal models of VPT. However, evidence remains limited by short-term outcomes and inconsistent methods. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Scaffold-based delivery of Resolvin E1, Lipoxin A4, or Nell-1/BMP-2, and stem cell-laden matrices (e.g., DPSCs, BMSCs) may enhance immunomodulation and angiogenesis in preclinical VPT. These strategies could support pulp-like tissue regeneration, but standardized outcome measures and validation in large-animal models are needed before clinical application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41656373What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.