ArticleScientific reports2026
Ex vivo HNSCC clinical studies using saliva and antiviral or antibacterial chewing gums reveal reduction in carcinogenic microbes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Prevention of HNSCC by chewing gum delivery of enzymes/antimicrobials to reduce carcinogenic acetaldehyde produced by pathogenic microbes.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Higher abundance of oral human papilloma virus (HPV), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) correlate with worse survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). One-third of males globally are HPV-positive, one-fifth have high-risk HPV-16 and is transmitted through oral sex. In our ex vivo clinical study of HNSCC patients, HPV ELISA detected viruses in 100% of saliva and 75% of oral-rinse samples (n = 44). Cell culture studies showed 1000-fold higher Pg/Fn in their saliva and 100-fold higher in oral-rinse samples than non-cancer control participants. Bean-lectin (FRIL) gum (trapped) aggregated 93% of HPV in saliva and 80% in oral-rinse samples in ELISA. Single dose of bean gum + protegrin-1 (antimicrobial peptide) reduced Pg/Fn > 99% in saliva and oral-rinse samples (n = 42). Although protegrin was effective against anaerobic Pg/Fn, it did not kill capsule forming bacteria including Streptococci, providing selectivity and protection of oral commensal bacteria. These findings from ex vivo clinical studies support potential value of advancing these biologics to clinical trials as adjuncts to current therapeutic strategies or as prophylaxis to control pathogenic microbes associated with HNSCC.
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