Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41656347›Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2026

Comparison of multi-planar and sagittal-plane stepping machines for walking and balance restoration in chronic stroke: a randomized control trial (RCT).

Yu-Lin You, Cheng-Feng Lin, Ta-Shen Kuan, Chien-Ju Lin, Hsiao-Feng Chieh, Su-Ya Lee, Hui-Yu Tseng, Li-Chieh Kuo, Fong-Chin Su

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yu-Lin YouDepartment of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Cheng-Feng LinDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Ta-Shen KuanDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Chien-Ju LinDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Hsiao-Feng ChiehDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Su-Ya LeeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Hui-Yu TsengDepartment of Rehabilitation, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
Li-Chieh Kuo *Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. jkkuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
Fong-Chin Su *Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. fcsu@mail.ncku.edu.tw.

Funding

China Medical University, Taiwan CMU111-N-20Ministry of Economic Affairs 104-EC-17-A-17-S3-015National Science and Technology Council NSTC 112-2222-E-039-002-.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Balance deficits are a common consequence of stroke, increasing the risk of falls. The Pinnacle Trainer (PT), which features a multi-planar exercise trajectory, has been shown to significantly activate hip abductors-key muscles for lateral stability. The elliptical trainer (ET), which simulates gait-like movement, is another commonly used rehabilitation tool. Both may offer viable options for gait training in individuals with chronic stroke. This study investigated the intervention effects of PT and ET on walking and balance abilities in individuals with chronic stroke. Thirty-six individuals with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Pinnacle Trainer group (n = 12), ET group (n = 12), and control group (n = 12). Each group participated in an 8-week intervention program. The 6-minute walk test, 10-meter walk test, and the center of pressure (COP) displacements during obstacle crossing were measured as outcome measurements. The assessors (one therapist and one biomechanist) were blinded to the participants' group assignments. All groups demonstrated significant improvements on the walking ability. Compared to the ET and control groups, the PT group showed significant improvements in mediolateral COP displacement, indicating enhanced balance and gait performance. These results support the integration of PT exercises into stroke rehabilitation programs targeting functional balance and mobility.

Indexed as

Exercise TherapyPostural BalanceStrokeStroke RehabilitationWalkingAgedChronic DiseaseFemaleGaitHumansMaleMiddle AgedBalanceChronic strokeElliptical trainerPinnacle trainerWalking ability

Identifiers

PMID41656347
PMCPMC12949222

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.