ArticlePsychopharmacology2026
Social enhancement of cocaine intake: behavioral mechanisms and role of reinforcing stimulus.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleOne of the leading prognosticators of whether an adolescent or young adult will use drugs is whether the person's peers use drugs. Preclinical studies report that cocaine intake increases in the presence of a social partner that is also self-administering cocaine, but it is not known whether this effect extends across reinforcers.
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the role of the reinforcing stimulus in the effects of social contact on cocaine self-administration.
methodsMale and female Long-Evans rats were implanted with intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer cocaine or a semi-solid palatable food (i.e., vanilla icing) on a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule of reinforcement. All tests were conducted in custom-built operant conditioning chambers that allowed two rats to simultaneously self-administer either cocaine or food while maintaining complete visual, auditory, and olfactory contact with a social partner.
resultsIn rats self-administering cocaine, cocaine intake was significantly greater when a partner was also self-administering cocaine relative to when a partner was self-administering food or when a partner was responding under extinction (i.e., no cocaine or food was available). In rats self-administering food, food intake was significantly inhibited when a partner was self-administering cocaine. Econometric analyses revealed that the behavioral mechanisms responsible for the influence of social contact differed across reinforcing stimuli.
conclusionsThese data indicate that social learning processes influencing drug use depend on the reinforcer maintaining the behavior of both the individual and the individual's social partner.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41656314What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.