Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41656204›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2026

Comparison of measurement of the apical anatomy of maxillary central incisors using cone-beam computed tomography and conventional intraoral radiographs.

Josephine Solgaard Henriksen, Eva Lauridsen, Simon Storgård Jensen, Tron Andre Darvann, Shumei Murakami, Tomomi Tsujimoto, Yuka Uchimoto, Nuno Vibe Hermann

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Josephine Solgaard HenriksenPediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Josephine.solgaard.henriksen@regionh.dk.
Eva LauridsenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Simon Storgård JensenOral Surgery, Research Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tron Andre Darvann3D-Craniofacial Image Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DTU informatics, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Shumei MurakamiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
Tomomi TsujimotoDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
Yuka UchimotoDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
Nuno Vibe HermannPediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the dimension of the apical foramen in maxillary incisors in relation to age as observed in conventional intra-oral periapical radiographs and Cone-Beam CT (CBCT). We hypothesized a discrepancy in apical foramen size between 2D radiographs and 3D CBCT, and that the foramen narrows with age. MATERIALS AND

methodsSeventy patients with 87 anterior maxillary teeth were included. The shape, size and the area of the apical foramen were measured corresponding to the narrowest part of the canal system (the apical constrictor/minor foramen) on intraoral conventional X-rays and CBCT scans taken in close succession. A comparison between the two imaging methods was performed and related to the age of the patient, with statistical analyses including t-test, regression, and Bland-Altman plots. In addition, the area of the foramen was measured, and a shape index was calculated from the CBCT scans.

resultsThe area of the apical foramen measured in 3D using CBCT, decreased at a rate of -0.019 mm2 per month. The diameter of the foramen decreased at a rate of -0.014 mm per month (2D, mesiodistal dimension), -0.013 mm per month (3D, mesiodistal) and − 0.016 mm pr month (3D, faciolingual). The correlation between the mesiodistal diameter in 2D and 3D was fair with R = 0.60, and the correlation between mesiodistal and faciolingual diameter in 3D was high (R = 0.77). The mean shape index was found to be 0.992 ± 0.244.

conclusionThe present study found that area and diameter (mesiodistal and faciolingual directions) of the foramen, measured to be equivalent to the apical constrictor, decreased with age. The most common shape of the apical constriction was round. There was a significant difference between the diameter of the foramen measured on conventional periapical radiographs compared to the CBCT scans.

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographyIncisorRadiography, DentalTooth ApexAdolescentAdultAge FactorsFemaleHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleMaxillaMiddle AgedYoung AdultAgeApical constrictorApical foramenHealing potentialIncisorsTraumatic dental injuries

Identifiers

PMID41656204
PMCPMC12983750

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.