Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41655256›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Programmable Multifunctional Bistable Structures for Energy Transfer and Dissipation.

Xin Na, Jincong Zhang, Zhicheng Chen, Venkatarao Selamneni, Haotian Chen, Hadi Heidari, Morteza Amjadi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xin NaJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4805-8813
Jincong ZhangJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Zhicheng ChenJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Venkatarao SelamneniJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Haotian ChenJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Hadi HeidariJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Morteza AmjadiJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-5025

Funding

China Scholarship Council 202306020098The University of Glasgow's School of Engineering
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bistable structures exhibiting snap-through behavior are prevalent in nature, enabling rapid transitions between two stable states upon external stimuli. Considering such a process is accompanied by a dramatic energy conversion, here, a multifunctional bistable system composed of asymmetric bistable beams with programmable motion patterns is developed. Unlike symmetric bistable beams, the asymmetric bistable structures store greater strain energy while requiring lower activation force. The energy density of the system can be tuned by adjusting geometric parameters, type of material, and the number of beams incorporated. Experiments indicate that a three-beam system manufactured from polylactic acid projects a sphere-comparable in weight to the beams-to a height 35 times its diameter, representing a 41% increase in energy transfer efficiency compared to a single beam of identical geometry. Leveraging the programmability and high energy conversion density features of the system, we showcase its versatility in applications including targeted payload delivery, rapid stimuli-responsive actuation, and biomedical stents. Additionally, the capability of the system to dissipate impact energy is investigated, underscoring its potential for shock absorption.

Indexed as

actuatorbistable mechanismenergy dissipationquick stimulus responsetargeted delivery

Identifiers

PMID41655256
PMCPMC13042753

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.