ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026
Trackable Tolerogenic Macrophages Integrate PD-L1 and Rapamycin Signaling to Suppress Alloimmune Responses in Transplantation.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Advances in nanomaterial-based delivery systems for inducing transplantation tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapies represent a promising strategy for transplant tolerance, yet challenges remain in graft targeting, in vivo tracking, and comprehensive regulation of alloreactive T cells. Here, we developed trackable tolerogenic macrophages (TTMs), engineered to overexpress PD-L1, incorporate azide groups for bioorthogonal labeling, and encapsulate rapamycin nanoparticles (RAPA NPs). Following intravenous administration in murine allografts, TTMs preferentially homed to inflamed grafts and were visualized in vivo. TTMs reduced graft inflammation and prolonged allograft survival up to 35 days, significantly longer than PD-L1 or RAPA monotherapy groups. Mechanistic studies showed that PD-L1 ligation of PD-1 suppressed Th1 differentiation and CD8
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