Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41654822›Full record

SynthesisBMC medical ethics2026

Ethical concerns and strategies for implementing artificial intelligence in healthcare: a review of empirical studies.

Betelhem Zewdu Wubineh, Fitsum Gizachew Deriba, Fikadu Wayesa Gemeda

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC medical ethics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Betelhem Zewdu WubinehFaculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland. betelhem.wubineh@pwr.edu.pl.ORCID 0000-0002-4790-7449
Fitsum Gizachew DeribaSchool of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-0699-0274
Fikadu Wayesa GemedaSpace Science and Geospatial Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0002-2990-6709

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming the healthcare landscape, presenting unprecedented opportunities to enhance patient care and clinical outcomes. However, the rapid integration of AI technologies has raised significant ethical concerns, requiring rigorous scrutiny to ensure their responsible and equitable use. This study aimed to explore the ethical considerations and strategies related to the implementation of AI in healthcare through a systematic review. A systematic search identified 243 publications published between 2019 and 2025 that were initially identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 papers were selected for final synthesis to assess ethical concerns and strategies related to AI in healthcare. The analysis identified key ethical concerns, categorizing them into six distinct groups: (1) Transparency and Trust, (2) Bias and Fairness, (3) Privacy and Data Security, (4) Accountability and Responsibility, (5) Ethical and Moral, (6) Regulatory and Legal. Additionally, several ethical strategies were identified in the implementation of AI systems, including adherence to ethical principles, standards, and frameworks; transparency and bias mitigation; monitoring and auditing of AI systems; and stakeholder involvement and governance in decision-making processes. This review emphasizes the importance of addressing these ethical concerns to ensure the successful implementation of AI technologies in healthcare. The findings provide valuable insights and recommendations for stakeholders, including developers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers, to guide the ethical deployment of AI decision support systems in healthcare.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDelivery of Health CareComputer SecurityConfidentialityDecision MakingHumansPrivacySocial ResponsibilityStakeholder ParticipationTrustArtificial intelligenceChallenges in healthcareEthical concernsEthical strategiesHealthcareSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41654822
PMCPMC12977723

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.