ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Post-pandemic resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in coastal China: from seasonal waves to sustained transmission and expanded age susceptibility.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases after the relaxation of COVID-19 policies: a retrospective study in Xiamen, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) represents a primary etiological agent of pediatric Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in China. However, the epidemiological landscape of MP in coastal regions during the post-COVID-19 era remains poorly characterized. Here, we delineate the epidemiological dynamics of MP—including trends, seasonality, age-specific distribution, and viral co-detection patterns—among children with ARIs in the coastal city of Putian, Southeast China.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 10,193 pediatric patients hospitalized with ARIs between December 2022 and November 2024. Oropharyngeal swabs from this cohort were assayed for MP and a panel of other respiratory pathogens using a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) platform. Data were stratified by time, season, and age to delineate the epidemiological characteristics of MP positivity.
resultsAcross the surveillance period (Dec 2022–Nov 2024), the overall MP positivity rate was 33.7% (3,437/10,193), with a significant increase from 28.3% in the first year to 37.5% in the second (P < 0.001), signaling a major post-pandemic resurgence. The epidemic pattern shifted from a discrete seasonal wave in the first year to a sustained, high-level plateau of transmission in the second. While school-age children consistently exhibited the highest positivity rates (59.1%), the age distribution of MP cases broadened significantly to include a larger proportion of younger children over the study period. Viral co-detections were identified in 25.5% of MP-positive cases, with the prevalence of co-detection being inversely correlated with age. Although the overall co-detection rate remained stable, MP-HAdV co-detections increased significantly in the second year (P < 0.001). Notably, the rate of co-detection was strongly correlated with the community circulation of other respiratory viruses (R = 0.85, P < 0.001), rather than the prevalence of MP itself.
conclusionsOur data indicate that the post-pandemic epidemiology of MP in this coastal Chinese region was characterized by a shift from seasonal outbreaks to prolonged, high-level transmission, and notably, a broadening of the age distribution with expanded susceptibility among younger children. This downward shift deviates from the traditional concentration in school-aged populations and may reflect the evolving epidemiological dynamics of respiratory pathogens in the post-COVID-19 landscape. To the best of our knowledge, our findings offer regional insights that may help inform surveillance efforts and guide the development of age-targeted prevention strategies. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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