Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41654675›Full record

SynthesisObesity surgery2026

Time Trends in Thyroid Hormone Changes Following Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nahlah Fahad Alreshidi, Refaat A Eid, Rafika Harrabi, Waiel Sami Halabi, Abdullah M K Albloshi, Joud S Almutairi, Salah Alghamdi

Erratum issuedAbstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Obesity surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nahlah Fahad AlreshidiDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-7223
Refaat A EidDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. raeid@kku.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-9562
Rafika HarrabiComputer Engineering Department, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8524-8761
Waiel Sami HalabiUniversity of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-5566
Abdullah M K AlbloshiDepartment of Medicine (Anatomy and Histology), Al Baha University, Baha, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-9350
Joud S AlmutairiDepartment of Family Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-4858
Salah AlghamdiComputer Engineering Department, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1852-3399

Funding

Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University RGP2/92/46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreviouarch indicates varyings rese effects of bariatric surgery on thyroid function. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate time-dependent changes in thyroid hormone levels following bariatric surgery in patients with obesity.

methodsPubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically searched until July 2025 for observational studies including patients with obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²) undergoing bariatric surgery, reporting changes in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), or free triiodothyronine (T3) following surgery. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis, with meta-regression and subgroup analyses to evaluate the impact of age, sex, region, preoperative thyroid function, and surgery type on outcomes.

resultsA total of 57 studies with 8,030 participants were included. Significant reductions in TSH and FT3 levels were observed at 6-month (TSH: SMD: -1.43, 95% CI: -2.22 to -0.63; FT3: SMD: -1.89, 95% CI: -3.14 to -0.65) and 1-year (TSH: SMD: -1.38, 95% CI: -2.44 to -0.31; FT3: SMD: -2.14, 95% CI: -3.52 to -0.75). However, these reductions became non-significant at > 1-year follow-ups. No significant changes were observed in FT4 levels across all follow-up periods. Subgroup analyses indicated significant reductions in TSH and FT3 following sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and gastric banding, while bilio-pancreatic diversion did not result in significant hormone changes.

conclusionBariatric surgery leads to significant reductions in TSH and FT3 levels at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups, with no significant change in FT4 level. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of thyroid changes after bariatric surgery and develop strategies to optimize thyroid health in these patients.

Indexed as

Bariatric SurgeryObesity, MorbidThyroid HormonesThyrotropinTriiodothyronineHumansThyroxineTime FactorsThyroid HormonesThyrotropinThyroxineTriiodothyronineBariatric surgeryObesityT3T4TSH

Identifiers

PMID41654675

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.