ArticlePoultry science2026
Research note: Temporal and tissue-specific immune responses to Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broiler chickens.
Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a leading foodborne pathogen, and cecal colonization in broilers is a major source of carcass contamination at processing. Understanding how colonization relates to immune activity in systemic and B cell-rich lymphoid tissues is needed to identify immune markers and guide practical strategies to mitigate C. jejuni persistence. We used a chick challenge model to relate treatment group- and time-dependent colonization to gene expression in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Seventy-two 1-day-old male broilers were orally inoculated at 7 days of age (negative control, low dose 10⁴ CFU/mL, high dose 10⁶ CFU/mL; six cages per group). At 7 and 14 days post inoculation (DPI), one bird per cage was sampled (n = 6 per group per time point). Cecal and intestinal loads were enumerated, and a 10-gene cytokine panel (IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOCS3, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β1, BAFF, CD40, TLR-21) was quantified in spleen and bursa by RT-qPCR. Cecal colonization showed a clear group × DPI interaction (P = 0.005) and was more consistent than intestinal recovery. Cecal counts were similar at 7 DPI, but by 14 DPI the high-dose group had higher counts than low-dose and control birds (P < 0.05). Intestinal counts were variable and frequently at or below the detection limit. Splenic responses were largely time-driven, with strong DPI effects but few significant group differences or group × DPI interactions. In contrast, bursal profiles showed marked group × DPI interactions (P < 0.05). At 7 DPI, only CD40 differed among groups, whereas by 14 DPI the high-dose group exhibited significantly higher expression than controls of pro-inflammatory mediators, B cell-associated markers, and regulatory cytokines. Overall, sustained high cecal colonization was associated with a delayed, B cell-centered bursal inflammatory and regulatory signature, while splenic profiles remained primarily time-driven. Cecal load and bursal B cell-related pathways at 14 DPI are promising endpoints for future vaccine and intervention studies in young broilers.
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