Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41653393›Full record

ReviewGastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association2026

Reconsidering the terminology of "early" and "advanced" gastric cancer: toward a harmonized global lexicon.

Takeshi Sano, Narikazu Boku, Florian Lordick

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Takeshi SanoCancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Kotoku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan. takeshi.sano@jfcr.or.jp.ORCID 0000-0002-3588-1894
Narikazu BokuDepartment of Oncology and General Medicine, the IMSUT Hospital, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Florian LordickDepartment of Medicine and University Cancer Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The term early gastric cancer (EGC), defined as carcinoma confined to the mucosa or submucosa irrespective of lymph node status, has been widely accepted worldwide. In contrast, the terminology surrounding advanced gastric cancer remains inconsistent across regions. In Western oncology, "advanced cancer" often denotes unresectable or metastatic disease, whereas "early-stage cancer" may include resectable stage II-III tumors. This semantic discrepancy has led to confusion in international communication, clinical trials, and guideline interpretation. We propose a three-tier terminology-early gastric cancer, locally advanced gastric cancer, and advanced gastric cancer-to align the Japanese pathological concept with global clinical staging practice and therapeutic intent.

Indexed as

Stomach NeoplasmsTerminology as TopicHumansNeoplasm StagingAdvanced gastric cancerEarly gastric cancerLocally advanced gastric cancer

Identifiers

PMID41653393
PMCPMC12957063

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.