Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41653349›Full record

ArticleJournal of patient-reported outcomes2026

The value of EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS as a patient-reported outcome measure for patients with ankylosing spondylitis in routine healthcare: an evaluation of construct validity and responsiveness based on the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register.

Kinza Degerlund-Maldi, Malin Regardt, Camilla Nystrand Länsman, Lena Larsson, Ioannis Parodis, Emelie Heintz

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of patient-reported outcomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07580092 (Construct Validity and Responsiveness of EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in Patients With Inflammatory Joint Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07580092 completednot on this map

Construct Validity and Responsiveness of EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in Patients With Inflammatory Joint Disease

TypeobservationalSponsorKarolinska InstitutetRan2023 to 2026Enrolled6,967ConditionsAnkylosing Spondylitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Psoriatic Arthritis, PolyarthritisArmsEQ-5D-5L
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Construct validity and responsiveness of EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS in psoriatic arthritis: an evaluation based on the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kinza Degerlund-MaldiHealth Economic and Policy Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. kinza.degerlund.maldi.2@ki.se.
Malin RegardtMedical Unit Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Camilla Nystrand LänsmanHealth Economic and Policy Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lena LarssonInstitute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ioannis ParodisDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Stockholm, Sweden.
Emelie HeintzHealth Economic and Policy Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEQ-5D-3L is a generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument, widely used in both economic and non-economic research. The purpose of this study is to examine the construct validity and responsiveness of EQ-5D-3L (descriptive system and EQ-5D-3L index), as well as EQ VAS in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODOLOGY: The study is based on real-world individual-level data from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register. To assess construct validity and responsiveness, we formulated and tested hypotheses concerning expected correlations between EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS scores and those of comparator instruments (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, visual analogue scale for pain, fatigue, and general health), as well as expected differences between patient groups stratified by disease activity or physical function. Further, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was analysed. At least 75% of the predetermined hypotheses had to be confirmed to support construct validity or responsiveness.

resultsIn total, 4,878 patients with AS were included in this study. As expected, the correlations between EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS scores and those from the comparator instruments were moderate or strong. Further, EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS were able to detect expected differences between groups. Changes in EQ VAS over time also showed moderate to strong correlations with corresponding changes in comparator instruments. However, the changes in the EQ-5D-3L dimensions self-care and usual activities had weaker correlations than expected with changes in the comparator instruments.

conclusionOver 75% of the hypotheses for construct validity of EQ-5D-3L and EQ VAS were confirmed, supporting their construct validity in patients with AS. Responsiveness of EQ VAS was also supported. However, limited responsiveness of the dimensions in the EQ-5D-3L indicates that the descriptive system and the EQ-5D-3L index may not fully capture changes over time among patients with AS.

Indexed as

Patient Reported Outcome MeasuresQuality of LifeSpondylitis, AnkylosingAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementPsychometricsRegistriesReproducibility of ResultsSeverity of Illness IndexSurveys and QuestionnairesSwedenEQ-5D-3LEQ VASHealth economicsPatient-reported outcome measuresPsychometric propertiesQuality of lifeRheumatology

Identifiers

PMID41653349
PMCPMC13057080

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.