ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Impact of exercise and vitamin D on cardiac tissue morphology and pathological changes in rats: role of endostatin regulation in VEGF and lipid profile improvement.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on metabolic, angiogenic, and cardiac structural parameters in a rat model of coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Healthy Control; CAD+Control; CAD + Vit D; CAD + AT, and CAD + AT+Vit D. The AT protocol consisted of 8 weeks of treadmill running (3 days/week, progressing from 15 to 25 m/min for 20–60 min/session). Vit D groups received weekly intraperitoneal injections of 5000 IU cholecalciferol. At study end, serum levels of VEGF, endostatin, lipid profiles, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were assessed via ELISA, and cardiac histopathology was evaluated using H&E staining. The CAD + AT+Vit D group demonstrated the most favorable profile: significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and cTnI, alongside elevated HDL and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (all P < 0.05). VEGF increased, and endostatin decreased significantly in all intervention groups versus CAD+Control (P < 0.05), with AT alone restoring VEGF to near-normal levels. Histopathology revealed attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in treated groups, especially CAD + AT+Vit D. Statistical comparison of delta changes (post-pre intervention) revealed that the reductions in LDL (P = 0.011) and cTnI (P = 0.023), and the increase in HDL (P = 0.008), were significantly greater in the CAD + AT+Vit D group compared to the CAD + AT and CAD + Vit D groups, supporting a synergistic interaction. These findings indicate that AT enhances angiogenesis via VEGF upregulation, while Vit D co-administration amplifies metabolic and cardioprotective benefits. The observed synergistic interaction in key cardiovascular risk markers supports non-pharmacological strategies for CAD management, though translational studies in humans are warranted.
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