ArticleBMC public health2026
COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and determinants of hesitancy among adults in Lagos, Nigeria.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a profound global impact. Vaccination remains a key strategy for controlling transmission and reducing morbidity and mortality. However, vaccine hesitancy poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This study assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and the determinants of vaccine hesitancy among adults in Lagos State, Nigeria.
methodsA cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted among 854 adults selected through multistage sampling across three Local Government Areas in Lagos State. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize variables, while chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.
resultsThe mean age of respondents was 42.5 ± 13.6 years, and 51.2% were female. Overall, 44.1% of participants accepted the COVID-19 vaccine, while 55.9% were hesitant. Vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, religion, and educational level (p ≤ 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that respondents aged ≤ 20 years (OR = 5.5) and 21–40 years (OR = 2.0), as well as those with secondary education (OR = 2.0), were more likely to be hesitant. Independent predictors of vaccine hesitancy included secondary education (AOR = 2.3; p < 0.001), low perceived risk of COVID-19 (AOR = 1.7; p = 0.011), and poor preventive practices (AOR = 1.8; p = 0.002).
conclusionsCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains high among adults in Lagos State despite generally good knowledge levels. Targeted, context-specific health promotion interventions addressing risk perception, misinformation, and safety concerns are essential to improve vaccine uptake and strengthen pandemic response efforts.
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