Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41652406›Full record

ArticleHarm reduction journal2026

"With this you're not chained down to something": contrasting experiences of opioid agonist treatment and safer supply program participation among people receiving prescribed safer supply.

Liam Michaud, Adrian Guta, Melissa Perri, Ashley Schaff, Megan Boyle, Kourteney King, Carol Strike, Gillian Kolla

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Harm reduction journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Liam MichaudYork University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Adrian GutaUniversity of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
Melissa PerriUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ashley SchaffSanguen Health Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada.
Megan BoyleSanguen Health Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada.
Kourteney KingSanguen Health Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada.
Carol StrikeUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Gillian KollaDivision of Population Health and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 39 Clinch Crescent, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada. gkolla@mun.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrescribed safer supply consists of the provision of pharmaceutical alternatives to people who use drugs to reduce reliance on the highly toxic unregulated supply and mitigate risk of overdose. Prescribed safer supply programs (SSP) have recently been scaled-up in some Canadian jurisdictions, including Ontario, showing demonstratable individual and population level benefits. Differences between prior experiences of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) among clients enrolled in the SSP are not well described, including how safer supply programs differ from existing approaches to OAT provision.

methodsDrawing on qualitative interviews (n=22) with participants of a safer supply program in Kitchener-Waterloo, a mid-sized southwestern Ontario city, we use thematic analysis to examine contrasting experiences of safer supply and OAT among SSP clients.

resultsThere were several key differences identified between OAT and safer supply program models on key programmatic elements, particularly the medical management of withdrawal, tolerance, and medication side effects. Additionally, differences in the program model and philosophy of care impacted therapeutic rapport and provided greater autonomy for SSP clients. The greater autonomy for clients within SSP aligned strongly with client goals and helped maximize program retention, which is key to the public health goal of reducing overdose related mortality.

conclusionThe findings underscore the benefits of - and urgent need for - collaborative decision-making and comprehensive models of care for substance use, including individualized dosing in both OAT and safer supply programs to improve their public health impact. Participants' experiences provide a window into reorienting to substance use care that offers potential solutions to longstanding challenges within existing OAT models that undermine retention and therapeutic benefit.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidHarm ReductionOpiate Substitution TreatmentOpioid-Related DisordersAdultBuprenorphineDrug OverdoseFemaleHumansMaleMethadoneOntarioAnalgesics, OpioidBuprenorphineMethadoneModel of careOpioid agonist therapyOpioidsPrescribed alternativesPrescribed safer supplySide effectsToleranceWithdrawal

Identifiers

PMID41652406
PMCPMC12977536

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.