ArticleBMC oral health2026
Influence of film thickness of one and two-step universal adhesives on dentin bond strength.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTo investigated the combined effect of adhesive type and film thickness on dentin bond strength by comparing one and two-step universal adhesives applied in single and double layers.
methodsForty caries-free human third molars were collected and standardized Class I cavities were prepared. Specimens were restored using one-step (Clearfil Tri-S Bond Universal, Japan) and two-step (G2-Bond Universal, Japan) universal adhesive systems. Each group was subdivided into single and double-layer applications, light-cured, and restored with a universal composite resin. Sticks with a cross-sectional 1 × 1 mm² were prepared for testing. Adhesive film thickness was measured under a stereomicroscope at ×80 magnification. Micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) was evaluated either immediately or after 5000 thermocycles (TC). Failure modes were assessed under ×40 magnification. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used for paired comparisons of immediate and after TC tensile bond strengths. Mann-Whitney U test compared single vs. double layers of the adhesives. For adhesive film thickness, Independent Samples t-test was applied for group comparisons (p < 0.05).
resultsDouble-layer application produced significantly thicker adhesive films for Clearfil Tri-S Bond and G2-Bond Universal compared with single-layer application (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in µTBS were observed between single and double-layer groups of either adhesive, regardless of aging. Thermocycling significantly reduced bond strength for both systems (p < 0.05). Overall, the two-step adhesive demonstrated higher µTBS values than the one-step adhesive.
conclusionAlthough double-layer application increased adhesive film thickness, it did not improve dentin bond strength. The two-step universal adhesive system showed superior bonding performance compared with the one-step system, both immediately and after thermocycling.
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