Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41652316›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2026

Biochemical and physiological insights into Lemna minor as a remediator of multi metal-microplastic contaminated waters.

Mujahid Farid, Sufia Irshad, Qudrat Ullah, Waqas Haider, Zaki Ul Zaman Asam, Muhammad Zubair, Abdulrahman Alasmari, Sarah Owdah Alomrani, Muhammad Munir, Shafaqat Ali

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mujahid FaridDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan. mujahid726@yahoo.com.
Sufia IrshadDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
Qudrat UllahDepartment of Agro-Industry, Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Tha Sala, 80160, Thailand.
Waqas HaiderDepartment of Agro-Industry, Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Tha Sala, 80160, Thailand.
Zaki Ul Zaman AsamDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
Muhammad ZubairDepartment of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
Abdulrahman AlasmariDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk , 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Sarah Owdah AlomraniDepartment of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, 66252, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad MunirDate Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Shafaqat AliDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. shafaqataligill@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aquatic ecosystems face escalating threats from heavy metals (HMs) and microplastics (MPs), which bioaccumulate and disrupt plant physiology, necessitating effective phytoremediation strategies. This study evaluated the impacts of synthetic wastewater (WW at 25%, 50%, 100%) containing Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and polyethylene MPs (0.5 g/L, 1 g/L) on Lemna minor in a 42-day hydroponic experiment. Morphological traits declined significantly, with fresh weight reduced by 92.33% and dry weight by 88.04% at 100% WW + 1 g MPs compared to controls. Photosynthetic pigments decreased up to 91.27% in total chlorophyll, while antioxidant enzymes surged (e.g., CAT by 533.18%, SOD by 423.81%). Markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H₂O₂ and MDA, increased by 108.06% and 154.52%, respectively, alongside HM accumulation exceeding the highest concentration for Cu. These findings elucidate synergistic stress mechanisms, highlighting L. minor potential for hyperaccumulating HM-MP, which informs sustainable wastewater treatment and ecosystem restoration practices.

Indexed as

AraceaeMetals, HeavyMicroplasticsWater Pollutants, ChemicalAntioxidantsBiodegradation, EnvironmentalChlorophyllReactive Oxygen SpeciesWastewaterAntioxidantsChlorophyllMetals, HeavyMicroplasticsReactive Oxygen SpeciesWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalAntioxidant enzymesHeavy metalsLemna minorMicroplasticsPhytoremediationReactive oxygen species

Identifiers

PMID41652316
PMCPMC12973812

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.