Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41652179›Full record

ReviewJournal of immigrant and minority health2026

Immigrants' Experiences of Barriers and Enablers to Mental Health Services in Canada - A Scoping Review.

Omolayo Anjorin, Gerald Agyapong-Opoku, Temitayo Sodunke, Bala Isa Harri, Andem Effiong Etim Duke, Olushina Ayo Junior Ale, Damilola Onietan, Tegwende Seedu, Belinda Agyapong, Mutiat Sulyman and 3 more

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Journal of immigrant and minority health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Omolayo AnjorinDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. om794508@dal.ca.
Gerald Agyapong-OpokuFaculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Temitayo SodunkeFaculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Bala Isa HarriDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Andem Effiong Etim DukeDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Olushina Ayo Junior AleHolo Global Health Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Damilola OnietanDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Tegwende SeeduFaculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Belinda AgyapongDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Mutiat SulymanDepartment of Psychiatry, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada.
Sanjana SridharanDepartment of Psychiatry, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada.
Somtoo Rita HenryFaculty of Basic Medical Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Ejemai EboreimeDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. Ejemai.Eboreime@dal.ca.

Funding

Nova Scotia New Health Investigator Grant 2024-3554
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immigrants in Canada experience disproportionate barriers to mental health service access despite elevated risks stemming from migration-related stressors and systemic exclusion. This scoping review examines how multilevel factors shape access to mental health and psychosocial services for immigrant populations across Canada. Guided by the socio-ecological model, we analyzed 28 peer-reviewed studies spanning individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels. Findings reveal persistent obstacles, including limited mental health literacy, cultural stigma, inadequate language support, and systemic fragmentation. However, the review also identifies enabling factors such as culturally aligned care models, community-based peer support, and virtual service innovations. Cross-cutting themes included stigma, language barriers, and financial constraints. By mapping both barriers and enablers, this review expands the current evidence base and highlights the need for integrated, culturally responsive mental health strategies. Structural reforms, community engagement, and trauma-informed digital interventions are recommended to reduce disparities and improve mental health equity for immigrant communities in Canada.

Indexed as

CanadaCultural competencyHealth equityHealth services accessibilityHealth services researchImmigrantsMental health services

Identifiers

PMID41652179

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.