Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41650254›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

A near-complete map of human cytosolic degrons and their relevance for disease.

Vasileios Voutsinos, Kristoffer E Johansson, Fia B Larsen, Martin Grønbæk-Thygesen, Nicolas Jonsson, Emma Holm-Olesen, Giulio Tesei, Amelie Stein, Douglas M Fowler, Kresten Lindorff-Larsen and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Supervised learning of protein variant effects across large-scale mutagenesis datasets.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Vasileios VoutsinosLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-0911-3648
Kristoffer E JohanssonLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-6054-0461
Fia B LarsenLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-6787-3672
Martin Grønbæk-ThygesenLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-6132-8243
Nicolas JonssonLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-7838-1814
Emma Holm-OlesenLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.
Giulio TeseiLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-4339-4460
Amelie SteinDepartment of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-5862-1681
Douglas M FowlerDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7614-1713
Kresten Lindorff-LarsenLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-4750-6039
Rasmus Hartmann-PetersenLinderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-4155-7791

Funding

New approaches for investigating the causes and consequences of cellular heterogeneityR35GM152106 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Douglas M Fowler · 2024 to 2026
$1.8M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM152106
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Degrons are short protein segments that direct proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, ensuring the removal of signaling proteins and clearance of misfolded proteins. We have performed a large-scale screen of more than 200,000 30-residue peptides from more than 5000 human cytosolic proteins, achieving 99.7% coverage. We find that 19% of peptides act as strong degrons, 30% as intermediate, and 51% as non-degrons. We identify both known and previously unidentified degradation signals and show that most depend on the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme and the proteasome. Structural mapping shows that many degrons are buried and likely become active upon protein unfolding. Training of a machine learning model allowed us to describe the degron properties and predict the cellular abundance of missense variants that operate by forming degrons in exposed and disordered protein regions, thus providing a mechanism of pathogenicity for germline coding variants at such positions.

Indexed as

CytosolDegronsProteinsHumansPeptidesProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexProteolysisPeptidesProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexProteins

Identifiers

PMID41650254
PMCPMC12880521

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.