Insect‒microbe symbiosis-based strategies offer a new avenue for the management of insect pests and their transmitted pathogens.

With the continuous growth of global agricultural production, pest control has become a critical factor in ensuring crop health and increasing agricultural output. In view of the safety of food and ecology, the development of more environmentally friendly and sustainable approaches for pest management is desirable. All insects are colonized by microorganisms on the insect cuticle or in the body. These resident microorganisms can promote insect fitness, impact the transmission of plant pathogens, or protect insects against natural enemies and adverse environments. Thus, insect‒microbe symbiosis-based strategies provide a new avenue for the management of insect pests and their transmitted pathogens. This review summarizes developments in the field of pest control approaches based on insect‒microbe symbiosis and proposes future directions. First, we introduce insect symbiotic microorganisms and their functions. This review discusses the application of insect-microbe symbiosis-based pest control strategies, including the application of native or engineered symbionts, the utilization of bioactive substances produced by symbiotic microorganisms, and the development of an insect symbiosis disruption strategy. Despite the great potential of this novel pest-control strategy, many challenges remain, such as the stability of symbiotic bacteria, their environmental adaptability, and their impact on non-target organisms. Finally, the review concludes by suggesting future directions, including improving the targeting specificity of symbiotic bacteria, enhancing their environmental adaptability, and developing integrated pest management strategies that combine this means with others to achieve more sustainable and effective pest control.